
Smoking and Tobacco
- Direct association with various medical conditions including:
- Various types of cancer
- Pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases
- Low birth weight
- Risk factor for initiation and progression of periodontal disease.
- Current smokers are about 4 times more likely to have advanced periodontal disease compared to those who have never smoked.
- Direct association with:
- Increased calculus deposition
- Deeper pockets and greater attachment loss
- More pronounced radiographic evidence of furcation involvement
- Increased alveolar bone loss
- Less favorable response to periodontal and implant therapy.
Tobacco-Associated Lesions of the Oral Cavity
Nonmalignant lesions
Nonmalignant lesions

Squamous cell carcinoma

Verrucous carcinoma







